autonomous region in muslim mindanao culture and tradition

The texts are essentially childrens rhymes, as in A. Madales (1975) example: Of multicolored snakes and striped crocodiles. As a self-governing region, it could have attracted more substantial investments. Until mid-2021, the Maranao of Marawi City were still busy recovering from the losses, trauma, and distress brought about by the siege (Gotinga 2021). It stands 30 to 220 centimeters above the ground and rests on nine to 12 bamboo or wooden poles. COTABATO CITY (MindaNews/10 August) - Traditional food and delicacies that distinguish the tribal groups in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao were featured in a festival here over the weekend. Because of its increasing population and power, Mantapoli was threatening the very equilibrium of the world. Square baskets such as fish baskets are done with the over-one, under-one, parallel-open-weave method (de los Reyes 1977). On 1 August 1989, Republic Act 6734 or the Organic Act for Mindanao created a mandate to provide an autonomous region in Mindanao. Darangen is an epic composed of several narratives whose verses are chanted by the onor (singer). The Regional Legislative Assembly was the legislative branch of the ARMM government. One example of this last type is the kadaolat sa miatai. Perez III, Rodrigo D., Rosario S. Encarnacion, and Julian E. Dacanay Jr. 1989. The Maranao still believe in pre-Islamic spirits and beings, and the practices associated with them. Mythical creatures, snakes, or leaves are carved into the ivory handles of kris. After his death, the other datus endorse the datuship of Gibons eldest son and allow the other wives to return to their homes. Located in Lanao del Sur near the border of Lanao del Norte, the area is roughly triangular in shape, with a 28.8-kilometer-long base. The entire kingdom then sank into what is now Lake Lanao. Marawi Siege: Stories from the Front Lines. The Battle of Marawi. The Maranao tinai a walai is also intricately carved with okir designs. Sermons are said by the preacher standing on the mimbar (staired pulpit), which is of okir-carved wood. It was also screened at the 2013 Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival (Tutob 2012). Folk medicine expresses the pre-Islamic belief that illnesses are caused by spirits and can only be cured by the pamomolong (witch doctor), the pundarpaan (a person who can act as a medium to the spirits), or the pamamantok (a person who fights black magic). Preactivity - Literature IN ARMM AND Zamboang - Studocu Bangsamoro - Wikipedia Yabes, Criselda. A campaign to faithfully re-establish it in Maimbung town has been ongoing since 1933. Maguindanao was a traditional ally of the Sultanate of Ternate; the royal houses intermarried. The first wife painfully agrees and helps to raise the bride wealth. 2012. Due to the challenges in establishing the Bangsamoro entity in the previous administrations, then Mayor Rodrigo Duterte of Davao City announced his intent to establish a federal form of government which would replace the unitary form of government in his campaign speeches for the 2016 Philippine presidential election, which he subsequently won. Manila: Solidaridad Publishing House. Corporate author : Global Education Monitoring Report Team Document code : 10.54676/AXEQ8566 ISBN : 978-92-3-100167-3 Collation : 535 p. : illus. The first process is composed of two subprocesses: pamokpok (plain hammering) and the stamping process, where embossed designs are hammered into the article. It is caught and placed on the sultans window. 9054 in 2001, which directed the ARMM Regional Government to once again fix a new permanent seat of government in an area within its jurisdiction,[21] Cotabato City remained the de facto seat of ARMM's government. 1974. 70413 lego Top 5 Produkte unter der Lupe! 1083 A DECREE TO ORDAIN AND PROMULGATE A CODE RECOGNIZING THE SYSTEM OF FILIPINO MUSLIM LAWS, CODIFYING MUSLIM PERSONAL LAWS, AND PROVIDING FOR ITS ADMINISTRATION AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES", Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao Official Website, Bureau of Public Information ARMM Latest News & Events in ARMM, BARMM Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, ARMM Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines, Philippine campaign against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, 2012 Framework Agreement on the Bangsamoro, 2014 Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Autonomous_Region_in_Muslim_Mindanao&oldid=1132082651, States and territories established in 1989, States and territories disestablished in 2019, 2019 disestablishments in the Philippines, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Filipino-language text, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing Tagalog-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2011, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with incomplete citations from September 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 7 January 2023, at 05:00. In Basa Iranon, the Maranao language, Marawi literally means a place where things are inclined or centered. The city is bisected by the Agus River, which is the only outlet of the lake to the sea to the north and which feeds the Maria Cristina Falls, now the major source of hydroelectric power throughout Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur. Aquilino Pimentel Jr., a Duterte ally and advocate for federalism, said in an interview[when?] WHKMLA : History of Maguindanao One of these is the isa ka daradiat, a kulintang ensemble composed of a pair of big gongs with a buzzle or claves, a pair of cylindrical sticks called mamales; eight graduated gongs laid horizontally on a stand called langkongan; the debakan, a drum made from goat or deer skin; and babendir, a small flat gong. Commercial activities include the sari-sari (variety) store; weaving, which is a womans occupation; and metalcraft such as brass making in Tugaya, which has been very lucrative. In 1976, negotiations between the Philippine government and the MNLF in Tripoli resulted in the Tripoli Agreement, which provided for an autonomous region in Mindanao. Office of . She decides to play a trick on him for not teaching her the art of singing. 3, RA 7160, and RA 8371. The Sharia applied only to Muslims; its applications are limited by pertinent constitutional provisions (prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment). activity autonomous region of muslim mindanao (armm Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Ateneo de Zamboanga University Bataan Peninsula State University The battle ensued with hundreds of civilian residents unable to flee from Marawi City for safety. Economically important species of fish in Lake Lanao include the aruan (mudfish), katipa (catfish), popoyo (climbing perch), kasili (eel), bongkaong (carp), mampawi (tilapia), gorami (plasalit), tamban (black bass), kadurong (goby), arid bangos (milkfish). Visitors from Across Many Seas. Volume 3 of Filipino Heritage: The Making of a Nation. http://web0.psa.gov.ph/content/. Sultan Sharif Kabungsuwan, a native of Johor (died 1543) is said to have introduced Islam in Mindanao. . Supreme Court. Ranging from 10 to 17.5 centimeters in length, the vertical strip comes in alizarine red base inwoven with multicolored motifs, ranging from the strictly geometric and the curvilinear, to the leaf and vine. Pre-Islamic literature consists of the antoka (riddles), pananaroon (proverbs), tubad-tubad (short love poems), verses recited during kandaonga (courtship), tutul (folktales), Pilandok tales, and the epics Darangen and Raja Indarapatra. The conflict between Muslims and Christian Filipinos was exacerbated in 1965 with the Jabidah Massacre, in which Muslim soldiers were allegedly eliminated because they refused to invade Sabah. Although the Bates Agreement had pacified the Sulu Sultanates to a certain extent, the resistance in Lanao continued after the Americans occupied the Islands. Muslim leadership may be categorized into three elite groups: traditional, secular, and religious (Che Man 1990, 116-124). Che Man, W.K. The complicated lakub dye technique includes covering portions of the container while dipping the others in dye. A plebiscite was held on November 1989 to determine the provinces that would comprise the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). A resident theater company of MSU-Marawi is the multi-awarded Sining Kambayoka that received in 1997 the Gawad CCP para sa Sining for their cultural contributions to the region. It is a region distinct from all other regions, with a vibrant culture and an autonomous government of its own. Quezon City: Omar Publications. From Manobo tribes to Subanon and all the tribes in between, they were the first settlers of Mindanao and boast a highly diverse and colorful culture that exists until today. 6734 (otherwise known as the Organic Act) in pursuance with a constitutional mandate to provide for an autonomous area in Muslim Mindanao. He sails to her kingdom and proposes marriage. In 1579, an expedition sent by Governor Francisco de Sande failed to conquer Maguindanao. 216, placed the entire Mindanao and Sulu under martial law. He advises his sister not to turn against her husband and to help bring glory and fame to Bumbaran. Most Maranao follow standard Islamic beliefs and practices. 1974. The childless Abraham has made a vow that, should he have a son, he would sacrifice the child to God. Maranao leadership had been politically affiliated with the Maguindanao until after the decline of the latters power. In a referendum held that same year, four provinces voted for inclusion in ARMM: Maguindanao, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, and Lanao del Sur, excluding Marawi City. It exchanges lies for truths, truths for lies, the unreal for the real; it amuses, ridicules, criticizes its adversaries, plays tricks on them, but always wins out in the end. In the early 16th century, Sharif Muhammad Kabungsuan, an Arab-Malay preacher from the royal house of Malacca, arrived in what is now Malabang, introduced the Islamic faith and customs, settled down with a local princess, and founded a new political order. Hence, its plays are in Filipino, that is, Emmanuel de la Cruzs short film Gabon, 2008 (Photo courtesy of Emmanuel de la Cruz). start time. The kakewing (wedding proper) is preceded by the kambitiara, a public recital by the pananalsila of the lineages of both the bride and the grooms families. 2013. The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (abbreviated ARMM) is the region, located in the Mindanao island group of the Philippines, that is composed of predominantly Muslim provinces, namely: Basilan (except Isabela City), Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. Giant Lantern Festival. It is the only region that has its own government. a state, or province) in . Her wish is granted, and she dies in Minangoaw a Rogong. In the two years of martial law, various human rights abuses were documented: 162 cases of extrajudicial killings, 704 fabricated charges, 284 illegal arrests and detentions, 1,007 victims of aerial bombardments, and over 500,000 residents displaced in Mindanao and Sulu (Vera Files 2020). 1 August 1989. end time. Pursuant to this mandate, R. 6734 was enacted and signed into law on August 1, 1989. Vocal music differs from instrumental in at least the following respects: the onor are pembalbegan or hired for weddings, funerals and wakes, or any festive occasions; appreciation of vocal music requires knowledge of a special language and forms; and the pedagogy of kaplogo is based on the guru system. To these verses, the girls spokesperson will probably indicate, after a series of exchanges, that the boy must exert more effort because, like a bird, the girl can alight and build a nest of her own. Mindanao, the second largest among the three islands and the southernmost part of the Philippines, is a main contributor of the country's GDP in terms of agriculture, fishing, forestry, etc. After independence, efforts to integrate the Muslims into the new political order met with stiff resistance. Panaroro-on, Mindanao Proverbs. Uncrescent 1 (March): 3-4; 1 (July): 3; 1 (August): 2-3. A policy of attraction was introduced, ushering in reforms to encourage Muslim integration into Philippine society. Until the passage of Republic Act No. 1989. Each step and movement he makes is accompanied by a recitation invoking the guidance and support of the unseen benevolent spirits. On the seventh layer, he hears the voice of God and has a glimpse of heaven and hell. 6734) and calling for a plebiscite to ratify the amendments and confirm which other provinces and cities would like to join the region. Three days later, the Spanish forces retreated as native warriors laid siege to the fort. These development efforts resulted in discontent, which found expression in the various armed uprisings, mostly in Lanao, from 1936 to 1941. Retrieved 31 May 2021, https://www.rappler.com/nation/mamasapano-pnp-saf-milf-clash. The body is washed by the imam and wrapped in white cloth before it is brought to the mosque for saltul gaib (prayer for the dead) and then to the grave. In the past, Maranao society was defined by a three-rank system that included persons having claim to titles, free people with no claim to titles, and bond slaves. Its primary objective when it was founded in 1974 was the inclusion of Mindanao theater traditions in mainstream consciousness and its concerns were national in scope (Rivera 1994, 401). ARMM; Statements. former autonomous region of the Philippines. 1983. In unserem Vergleich haben wir die unterschiedlichsten 70413 lego am Markt unter die Lupe genommen und die wichtigsten Eigenschaften, die Kostenstruktur und die Bewertungen der Kunden abgewogen. Angeles, F. Delor. Its capital is the Municipality of Bongao. The groups mission is to preserve indigenous dance, music, and rituals in the so-called MINSUPALA (Mindanao, Sulu, and Palawan) region (Msumain.edu.ph 2021; Villaruz 2021; Lao 2020). Although Muslims are no longer a majority, Islamic culture is evident; there are many mosques, and distinctive brassware, including the kris, or dagger, is manufactured. These five towns are Madalum, Lumbatan, Lumba-Bayabao, Bayang, and Sultan Dumalondong (GMA News 2007). Sagayan (war dance) also originates from the epic. 1977. President Fidel V. Ramos further strengthened the council by prescribing measures to protect Lake Lanao. These wars made the Maranao perfect their own defense through the kota (fortification of rock and earth), camouflaged with vegetation. One of the most popular festivals in the region is the Higalaay Festival in Cagayan de Oro City. The region was strengthened and expanded through the ratification of Republic Act No. The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao consisted of 2 component cities, 116 municipalities, and 2,490 barangays. Hell is a deep, dirty, and dark abode for sinners. Ethnic villages showcase cultures, traditions of 5 tribes in ARMM This led to the defeat of Kudarats feared admiral, Datu Tagal, who had raided pueblos in the Visayas. This incident contributed to the rise of various separatist movements: the Muslim Independence Movement (MIM), Ansar El-Islam, and the Union of Islamic Forces and Organizations. The Maranao population is estimated at 1,099,997, distributed as follows: 241,400 in Lanao del Norte or 22% of its total population; and 858,559 in Lanao del Sur or 78% of its total population. These include the kadaolat sa miyatai, literally invitation to the dead, a rite performed seven days after the death of a Maranao; the kapamangangai sa tonong (inviting the spirits), which attends various occasions such as deciding to become a farmer, protecting ones rice or corn fields, or revenge; the katao (amulets); kaapar, which dictates the offering of newly harvested rice to the spirits before it is eaten; saitan (spirits of the balete tree); invisible beings, such as apo (tornado spirits), sakit (illness-causing spirits), and inikadowa (counter ego). Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao - ARKIPELAGO Maranao theater can be classified into those dances that are either reenactments or adaptations of specific episodes of the epic or from the narrative Raja Indarapatra. Pre-Discussion: Ethnic group is a group of people who share a similar culture (beliefs, values, and behaviors), language, religion, ancestry, or other characteristic that is often handed down from one generation to the next. Yoshitaka Terada of the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka, Japan, and Maranao scholar Usopay Cadar filmed these two documentaries in 2008, in villages around Lake Lanao and in Baguio, where a Maranao migrant community resides (Terada 2013, 95). 6734 (otherwise known as the Organic Act), primarily authored by Aquilino Pimentel Jr.,[18] in pursuance with a constitutional mandate to provide for an autonomous area in Muslim Mindanao. She could play the piano, draw, design scenery and costumes, sculpt, act, direct, dance and choreograph. Thoughts? They were simply against any form of foreign encroachment into their traditions and beliefs. A suitable wife must be found. 1978. Muslim dissatisfaction grew as power shifted to the Christianized Filipinos; it was one thing to be administered by the militarily superior Americans, another by their traditional enemies, the Christian Filipinos. The Regional Government had the power to create its own sources of revenues and to levy taxes, fees, and charges, subject to Constitutional provisions and the provisions of RA 9054. [17][1][full citation needed], The people of the Bangsamoro region, including Muslims and non-Muslims, have a culture that revolves around kulintang music, a specific type of gong music, found among both Muslim and non-Muslim groups of the Southern Philippines. AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO: Q.1: Adiong Memorial Polytechnic State College: Q.2: Basilan State College: Q.3: Mindanao State . Mindanao is a Muslim outpost in the predominantly Roman Catholic Philippines. The torogan is a partition-less structure, housing many families. It is at once a hero and a villain, bridging two worlds: the natural and the supernatural, the human and the nonhuman, the cheater and the cheated, the fool and the sage. The Asia Foundation claims that a Social Weather Station survey in 2005 indicates that the people of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao are more concerned about clan feuds than the war between the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the government (Torres III, 2007). The kaban (chest) may be carved or inlaid with bone or mother-of-pearl. Notched bamboo poles serve as the stairs, which are placed at the front and back of the house. The episodes in the narrative include the winning of Tuwan Tihayas hand by Mangandiri, who is able to kick the rattan ball called sipa to the penthouse of the princess; the abduction of the princess by Maharadia Lawana, who takes the form of a golden goat; and the rescue of the princess by Mangandiri and his brother, Laksamana, a monkey prince conceived by Potre Langaui when the latter swallowed one of the testicles which Mangandiri lost. Manila: Lahing Pilipino Publishing Inc. . His tales, travails, and prowess in composition and public speaking are well-recounted. The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao or ARMM is the region, located in the Mindanao island group of the Philippines, that is composed of predominantly five Muslim provinces, namely: Basilan (except Isabela City), Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. An example of bamboo carving is found in the kubing (mouth harp), a musical instrument used traditionally for courtship and ordinary communication. The furtive process by which the MOA-AD was designed and crafted runs contrary to and in excess of the legal authority, and amounts to a whimsical, capricious, oppressive, arbitrary and despotic exercise thereof. Hapilons group joined forces with the prominent Maute family to counter the AFP and proceeded to occupy several establishments in the city, including the Amai Pakpak Hospital near the city hall and the armys brigade station (Yabes 2020, 64). In the most common version of the dance, four bamboos are placed in a crisscross position and the pasisingkil (dancer) steps between clapping bamboos. However, Maranao farmers today no longer consult the stars or astrologers. 1977. 20 created a Regional Autonomous Government in the Western and Central Mindanao regions.[17]. region of the Philippines. brian baschnagel obituary; amelie mccann athletics; ark alpha megapithecus trophy spawn command. The regional governor and regional vice governor had a 3-year term, maximum of 3 terms; deputies' terms are coterminous with the term of the regional governor who appointed them. A resident theater company of MSU-Marawi is the multi-awarded Sining Kambayoka that received in 1997 the Gawad CCP para sa Sining for their cultural contributions to the region. The militants were seen waving the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) black flags as they roamed the streets of Marawi (Cabrera and Gloria 2017). A two-part plebiscite on January 21 and February 1 resulted in the ratification of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) with territorial jurisdiction in Maguindanao, Lanao del Sur, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, Marawi City, Lamitan City, Cotabato City, and 63 barangays in six North Cotabato towns (Arguillas 2019). In about 1668 the Sultanate of Maguindanao was . Project 57. )=x=x=x=x=Note :lIt maybe the intention of the original writer to conceal something in this beautiful literary piece. BANGSAMORO AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO (BARMM) R.1: Adiong Memorial Polytechnic State College : R.2: Cotabato State University : R.3: Mindanao State University : R.4: MSU-TAWI-TAWI College of Technology and Oceanography : R.5: Sulu State College : R.6: Tawi-Tawi Regional Agricultural College : IX. On 4 August 2011, President Benigno Aquino III and MILF chair Al-Haj Murad Ebrahim, a Maguindanaon, met in Tokyo, Japan, setting in motion a series of talks that would lead to the signing of a framework agreement in 2012 and a comprehensive agreement on the Bangsamoro in 2014. The island has a marsh-game refuge and bird sanctuary. In grief, the sparrow promises never to leave its wifes dead body. And so what had been Mantapoli became Lake Lanao. This activity gathers different cultural festival in the country where contingents competes in Dance Parade, Float Competition and Beauty Pageant. This moved changed Region XII into the present SOCCSKSARGEN. It antedates the advent of Islam, but later versions have incorporated Islamic elements; some collections have been edited to include Allah instead of the tonong. The kindest is the deer. Combinations are possible. The Muslims believe that the world is divided into two spheres: Dar-ar-Islam (Islamic Sphere) and Dar-ar-Hard (non- Islamic Sphere). The Department of Mindanao and Sulu replaced the Moro province on 15 December 1913 and a year later created the province of Lanao. Muslim Mindanao Aside from the colorful contributions of its regional tribes, Mindanao is home to the largest cultural minority in the Philippines - the M uslims. The Prophet then rides on a burrak and travels by night from Mecca to Masjid-el-Aqsa in Jerusalem, where he sees a bright light that leads him to heaven. Called the Moro Wars, these battles were waged intermittently from 1578 between the Spanish colonial government and the Muslims of Mindanao. Within each agama, one or more titleholders belong to a superior political level and are given the title sultan. The sparrow vainly tries to move its wifes body to a safe place. In Maranao stories, birds, shrimps, and sparrows often play the protagonists. The largest group is the Bisaya, also known as Visayan, including the Cebuano, 44%; followed by the Ilonggo, 8%; and the Maguindanao, 6%. http://entertainment.inquirer.net/58734. The Maranao employ a modified wax-mold method for kapanowang. . Former President Joseph Estrada, who by then had already replaced President Ramos, declared and carried out an all-out war against the MILF. Atom . In February 1920, the Philippine Senate and House of Representatives passed Act No. Dizon, Perry. Political, social, and economic changes were introduced. The short film ends on an edifying footage about how prejudice and discrimination may lead to conflict and wars. 2005, 1). Imao, Abdulmari A. Lesson 1: Ethno-linguistic Groups of Bangsamoro. Lao, Hadja Hanimah S. 2020. Common among the themes or subjects are kandarangen, which is derived from the Darangen epic, and characterized as rhythmically fast, accompanied by tintik; kambayoka, which refers to the love songs based on episodes from the epic; kandikir, which is derived from the Arabic dekr, which originally referred to any recitation praising God but now refers to praises sung to the Maranao dead; kapranon, which refers to sentimental and nostalgic songs, which are more melismatic than the Darangen; and kaprongrong, which refers to personal love songs sung to entertain oneself. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 1983. Esh Salem - Senior History Researcher - LinkedIn The leader of this group, Nur Misuari, regarded the earlier movements as feudal and oppressive, and employed a Marxist framework to analyze the Muslim condition and the general Philippine situation. PDF State of Local Democracy - IDEA Autonomous administrative division - Wikipedia During public gatherings where these episodes are reenacted, the public is enjoined to exchange poetic verses. COTABATO CITY Unique traditional rituals and practices of Sama people in the island of Tabawan in Tawi-Tawi was featured on a photo exhibit at the Bangsamoro Museum in Cotabato City on Thursday, December 10, 2020. They continue their trek until they find a place that Butuanon claims as his property and names it Bayabao, literally I am the one who chose first. Butuanon marries Baisa Kisali sa Miyakarang. Philippine Statistics Authority-National Statistics Office. PDF Relevance of "Pananaroon" to Islam and Culture of Mranaw Darangen: Epic of History. Volume 12 of Land and Peopleseries. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Here is an example (Madale 1976): Kanogon si kanogon na kanogon ni ladan ko, A pukurasai mamikir a ana palandong a dar, Na di akun mapukangud a bologong ko sa gugao, Bangkadun tatangkudun i papanok ka sa nori. Durante, Ofelia, Norma Gomez, Ester Sevilla, and Howard Maego. In the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), the Maranao comprise 26.4% of the total population, making it the largest of the Islamic groups in the ARMM. Screenings of the two films were also held for scholars and students of Philippine indigenous music, at the University of the Philippines Diliman and the University of the Philippines Baguio (Terada 2013, 102-105). Kashawing, a ritual that is depicted in the Maranao epic, is no longer practiced. Bangsamoro Government Center Human Resources Manager . Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines. Halik sa Kampilan (Kiss on the Sword), 1978, is Frank G. Riveras original play depicting the Mindanao peoples displacement and struggle for land. A metaphor used for this purpose is the small hole, which is associated with the people looking through it: A Maranao expresses his love indirectly through tubad-tubad, which are reserved in tone and employ metaphors and allusions. Establishment of the ARMM The Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao region was first created on August 1, 1989 through Republic Act No.

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autonomous region in muslim mindanao culture and tradition