We were expected to accept the European language as the superior one, and this was reinforced throughout my school career (Abu cited in Berman 1974:536). Literature As founder and director at CEGAST, he has successfully coached thousands of students in English, Literature, and related subjects for major international examinations. Bamgboye & Company Press, 1976. 2023 Society of the Divine Word. Ghana Missionaries | Learn about Christian missions efforts in Ghana - ABWE The Roman Catholics established their first secondary school, St Augustines, at Cape Coast in 1936. At the time of its inception, however, there was no publication that systematically or comprehensively addressed the enormous problems that characterized the education of Blacks in the United States and elsewhere. In 1950 Albert Academy was founded in Freetown; for-a long lime it was the secondary school in the Colony serving largely children from the provinces, among them were the future heads of state, Sir Milton Margai and Dr. Siaka Stevens. The study traces the his tory of colonial education and the tremendous contributions of missionaries in the establishment of formal education in the region. The first Europeans arrived at the West-African Coasts at the end of the fifteenth century. The system was devoid of any cohesive national policy. Technical and vocational education had been emphasized in the education system in Ghana since the colonial era. Ekechi, Felix K. Colonialism and Christianity in West Africa: The Igbo Case, 19001915. The Journal of African History 12, no. senior high school English In the 19thh century, too, Afro-Brazilians returned to Benin and Nigeria with Catholicism. the role of administrators, chiefs and the missions; first attempts at agricultural and industrial training; girls' education and teacher training before 1850; some chief factors in educational expansion 1850-1900; government official policy in educational expansion 1850-1900; agricultural, industrial and vernacular training 1850-1900 Some of the positive development outcomes of former British colonies are arguably the result of a permissive attitude towards mission schools. 503 0 obj <> endobj Thus, as early as 1823, the Roman Catholic sisters started a clinic for the sick and for children in Banjul. The anti-slavery issue and the humanitarian conscience also played a vital role in stimulating European interest in Africa and gave an impetus to mission work. A special memorial Mass was celebrated at the Holy Spirit Cathedral in Accra, Ghana, on Oct. 9. The European missionaries engaged in trading and other commercial activities as well. This research was funded by the European Research Council. In 2006, Father Burke was appointed lecturer at the newly founded Catholic University College of Ghana in Sunyani. Many Ghanaian communities got divided along religious lines. John G. Christaller (described as the Father of Twi Literature) produced a Twi grammar and dictionary, a collection of Twi proverbs, a Twi translation of the Bible as well as prayers and hymns. As happened in other West African countries, many more mission-sponsored hospitals were founded in the course of the twentieth century. It is interesting to note that this project is not a new concept. The early African converts to Christianity, were made to abandon their ancestral culture and way of life as pagan therefore to be shunned. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! Edward Berman notes that contemporary critics of the missionaries felt that missionaries were more interested in increasing enrolments in their respective churches than in pooling their resources for the benefit of African education (Berman 1974:533). The Basel missionaries, in particular, established experimental farms and plantations in places like Akropong. And thats why I decided to look deeply into this issue. Other missionaries opened mission stations in the country. It is interesting to note that while in many ways missionaries sought to isolate students from their cultures, missionaries often insisted in teaching in the native languages. Although it can be said that Christian missionaries benefitted Africans by bringing in the more advanced Western education to the European colonies in Africa, it is believed that the mission schools in fact had a negative impact on the native peoples. 'In view of this idea, Mmofraturo, the first girls boarding school in Ashanti was officially . The missionaries opened schools further inland, and by 1880, the Wesleyan Mission had eighty -three schools. In the field of education, however, the missionaries had to adjust their programmes to fit in with the policy of assimilation. About the same time, the Church of Scotland (Presbyterian) headed by the Rev. A large percentage of Ghanas 30 million people are nominally Christian (more than 70% as of the last census), and 28% consider themselves evangelical believers. Among several others, the native Bishop Ajayi Crowther produced the first translation of the Bible in Yoruba. After World War I was declared in 1914, the German missionaries were restricted in their movements by the British in the British colonies. Longman Nigeria Plc., 1994, Boahen, A.A. et al Tropics in West Africa History. Alignment is the degree of congruence between your teaching philosophy and your institution's mission. Father Burke spent more than half of his lifealmost 50 yearsin Ghana on the West Coast of Africa, said Father Edward Tetteh SVD, pastor of Blessed Sacrament-Our Lady of Divine Shepherd in Trenton, N.J. During his many years in Ghana, since he worked mostly in educational institutions, he produced excellent professionals: teachers, priests, ministers, doctors, engineers, lawyers, pharmacists, journalists and many others who work in different parts of the world.. Being ignorant of ones history causes one to lose part of ones identity and pride in that identity, and one is therefore more vulnerable to attacks denouncing ones culture as inferior, especially if at the same time one is being taught the noble history of another culture. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. The most momentous discovery in western Africa came in 1471, when Portuguese captains first reached the coast of modern Ghana between the mouths of the Ankobra and Volta rivers. Required fields are marked *. The first school in Nigeria was started by the Methodist missionaries at Badagry in 1842. For instance, in southern Nigeria, the CMS policy was to teach in the vernacular at the primary level, while the Roman Catholic Missions policy was to teach in English (Bassey 1991:42). Mobility depended on the . In this respect the Christian religion therefore differed from the traditional religions of West Africa, which along with an acceptance of one Supreme Being worshipped a hierarchy of gods. DISCLOSURE. others adopted a system of education varied from one and the other hence, lacking consistency in the educational sector [3]. He professed vows in 1953 in Conesus, N.Y., and was ordained to the priesthood in 1961 at Techny, Ill. Christian Missionaries. Ralph teaches English for Academic Purposes (EAP) online. There were related organizations that sprang up in Scandinavia, Holland and the USA. Other Roman Catholic hospitals were built in all the nine regions of the country; including those at Asikuma and Foso (Central Region), Akyem Swedru (Eastern Region), Berekum (BrongAhafo), Maase (Asante Region) and Anfoega (Volta Region). missionaries was the development of literature in Yoruba. All rights reserved. The missionary and colonial education aimed at character training and civilization resulted in cultural annihilation and religious, and linguistic hegemony. Furthermore, mission schools discouraged traditional ways of life outside of the classroom. further studies The training college later became part of Achimota College. essay writing Foremost in the contribution of the early Christian missionaries to the development of Ghana is their efforts to bring Western education to Ghanaians. Longman Publishing Group, 1980. The academic education purposely did not train Africans for the higher level positions of colonial administrations, which were mostly reserved for Europeans (Ayandele 1966:295; Sheffield 1973:42), a practise which created dependency on the colonizers, as without them the colony did not have qualified administrators. Required fields are marked *. African Drama Among his pioneering achievements, he arranged for three youths to be sent to England for training as evangelists. Baker Pub Group, 1996. Also, the traditional doctors more often than not could not diagnose illness accurately. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. PROBLEMS FACED BY THE CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of UKEssays.com. Two important private schools with strong Christian influence must also be mentioned: Accra High School, founded in 1923 and Accra Academy, established in PDF OVERVIEW OF EDUCATION IN GHANA - WikiEducator Until almost the end of the colonial period education was still largely in the hands of the churches. Among several others, the native Bishop Ajayi Crowther produced the first translation of the Bible in Yoruba. Before 1925, there were only three secondary schools and three teacher training colleges in Ghana. English comprehension I have used my expertise to design and implement strategies for major projects including new programme development, global proposals, book launches, international talks, lectures, and executive . Missionary, educator contributed to building independent Ghana This is the famous Presbyterian Teacher Training College founded in 1848 at Akropong-Akwapim. hbbd```b``vd d"e ] DrI`5 d"(/ Ghana continued to call. Ghana sits on West Africas coastline along the Gulf of Guinea, bordered by the Ivory Coast and Togo to the west and east and Burkina Faso to the north. Senior High School Literature During the first half of the 19th century they targeted healthier places, with relatively lower malaria-risk, where European missionaries could survive and train local African missionaries and teachers (Jedwab et al. CUP Archive, 1979. church were founded in south-eastern Nigeria, the chief centres being Bonny and Brass. Christianity reborn: the global expansion of evangelicalism in the twentieth century. Some of these effects are still with us today. With the exception of the first two volumes, marked "West Africa", these items are drawn from the volumes Series CWW. Thank you! The evangelical societies founded in the Americas included the Baptist Missionary Board and the Nova Scotian Methodists, whose members went to work among the Maroons, who had settled mainly in Liberia. Daystar Press, 1978. The early success of the missionaries included areas like Freetown and surrounding villages. One of the missions most important contributions to the colonial regimes was their role in educating the native Africans. Education - Education in British colonies and former colonies The effort of Dr. Kwame Nkrumah. hR]0+^$%K{_"/HevgV+bH6L %)`\ #\E*63Z_TsxlRZj:[/\IL-1b-i Kuhne , his fellow captive and co-author joined him at the mission as a trader in cotton, an activity which was part of, and a means of, financing the mission. These included the Baptist missionaries who under the American evangelist, Thomas Bowen, started work from Ogbomosho in 1855. Following agitation by the people in 1934, the government opened the old Yaba Higher College and Medical School, which awarded diplomas acceptable only locally. Vol. West African Senior School Certificate Examination. The contents of this tutorial will serve as a guide for a suitable essay on the below WAEC/WASSCE History past question. Some of the missionaries came with them (549 years ago) but many died from the cruel tropical weather of forested West Africa. As happened in parts of Yorubaland in the last century, some of the Christian missionaries often engaged in local politics and took an active part in helping the colonial authorities in their wars of territorial expansion. 26. Christian missionaries were the first to introduce European-style education in sub-Saharan Africa. As churches of the Volta Region begin reproducing, ABWE wants to reach out to Ghanas unreached people groups in its eight other regions. which were for females (Graham, 1971). Frank Ogodo Ogbeche The Christian Connector Scholarship. The Roman Catholic Sisters provided medical care in the Upper and Northern Regions of the country before the government started to provide hospitals and clinics in the regional and district headquarters. "Big things have small beginnings"; so is The Presbyterian Church of Ghana. Ramseyer had at first not intended a missionary sojourn in Ashanti. This instruction in 1948 developed into the University College in Ibadan. Some observers have argued that the Europeans used the Christian bible to justify the practice of slavery and the slave trade. Thus, despite what the images of suffering African children on websites such as that of Compassion Canada might lead one to believe, it is time for Africans to educate their own, without any interference. It was only after the Second World War that the colonial governments started to show a real interest in the promotion of formal education in West Africa. 1991. Among these were the Congregation of the Holy Ghost (commonly known as the Holy Ghost Father), the Society of African Missions (SMA), the Society of Missionaries of Africa, popularly known as the White Fathers because of the white Muslim-like clothing which the Fathers wore, and the society of the Divine Word (SVD, abbreviated from its Latin name). Lewis, Donald M., ed. History of the church in Africa: a survey. Andreas Riis, assisted by a team of West Indian evangelists, laid the foundations of the Basel Missionary Church in the country. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Father Burke became director of the Divine Word Language and Cultural Centre in Ghana. Although modern scientific research has confirmed the medicinal properties of these concoctions, traditional medical practice had several shortcomings. Listen as we explore missions, theology, and practice to help senders and goers alike. The Journal of Negro Education (JNE), a scholarly refereed journal, was founded at Howard University in 1932. (As at December 2020). 517 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<2E41B338ACB2B2110A00B08D5A5CFE7F>]/Index[503 20]/Info 502 0 R/Length 86/Prev 357984/Root 504 0 R/Size 523/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Their records from World War One show their distance from the war and yet that it did affect . The study examines the historical foundations of Western education in Meru and factors that influenced its development. Burns & Oates, 1979. Besides, the missionaries had to travel longer distances to inland towns from their southern stations. However, attending mission schools also meant exposure to colonial indoctrination. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2004. Among the first missionaries was the Rev. After a time the idea becomes ingrained -it is heathen and unchristian to be an African culturally (Awori cited in Berman 1974:536). Hastings, Adrian. Aligning Your Teaching Philosophy with Your Institution's Mission education was an important means for mission evangelization. The contribution of the missionaries to the development of Setswana as As negative as all these impacts of the missionaries undoubtedly were for the African pupils, the long-term consequences are arguably as serious. In the Gambia, the Methodist missionary and first principal of what later became known as the Gambia High School, the Rev. It is much easier to interact on an equal basis or even challenge the authority of another group when one is able to communicate in that groups language, instead of having to rely on an interpreter or non-verbal gestures, which undermine ones ability to show authority or express ones beliefs. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. In 1954, he became the first Deaf African American to earn a bachelor's degree from Gallaudet University, the American university for the Deaf, and the first to earn a master's degree from Eastern Michigan University.He earned a second master's degree from Seattle Pacific Christian . Again, the Wesleyan missionaries established Mfantsipim School in Cape Coast in 1876. Four volumes of incoming correspondence marked "West Africa" on the spine. ]v#5%{,%Y{iKsZ|Cm7NismGmg_zxKYh?>bQ?ni8G.wx:qAm$ eb!^Kr$,.9Qq^|1. In short, the impact of teaching in the vernacular was more negative than positive, as it reinforced colonial rule and no doubt did very little to preserve native cultural identities, seeing as missionaries promoted European languages as superior and only used the vernacular because conversion and religious instruction were such high priorities. For instance, in Nigeria, one of the first groups of missionaries to introduce organised medical services were the Roman Catholics. These attempts were traumatic for the students and threatened the survival of unique cultures. ), Father Auguste Moreau and Father Eugene Murat, arrived at Elmina and revived the Roman Catholic Church in Ghana. An Alumnus of the University of Cape Coast in Ghana, a Journalist, Author and a Philanthropist. Missionaries were no doubt also aware that Africans came to associate European technological achievement with Western education (Bassey 1991:45) and therefore offered Western education as a means to attract Africans of this belief and then convert them. These missionaries saw death in the course of their evangelizing work as a means to ascend to heavenly glory. Schools were deemed important. The missionary activities in Nigeria, especially their educational programs helped to whip-up the consciousness of a shared identity and helped to train a new set of elite that championed the course of nationalism and constituted a virile leadership for the young nation at independence.Click to see full answer What is missionary education?A mission school or []
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