Elizabeth I | Hampton Court Palace | Historic Royal Palaces Parents: Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. [This summary of factors helps re- establish conceptual focus]. Therefore, Henry created the Church of England, a protestant church, which allowed for divorce. Elizabeth wasnt able to publically acknowledge his achievements and when the Spanish Armada attempted to invade England in 1588, he was the vice-admiral in command of the English fleet that helped successfully defend the attack. - Invasion was a major threat because of the power of the countries France and Spain. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, Burghley also spelled Burleigh, also called (1551-71) Sir William Cecil, (born Sept. 13, 1520, Bourne, Lincolnshire, Eng.died Aug. 5, 1598, London), principal adviser to England's Queen Elizabeth I through most of her reign. In 1584, the rebel leader, William the Silent was assassinated, and the Dutch resistance was at risk of defeat. Elizabeth also felt she had no right to execute a legitimate monarch but also, executing a queen could set a dangerous precedent that could undermine her own claim to rule by Divine Right and fuel more plots against her. How serious a threat was Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth's rule? He was the son of King Henry VIII by his third wife, Jane Seymour.Throughout the realm, the people greeted the birth of a male heir, "whom we hungered for so long", with joy and relief. Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. In April 1587, Drake sailed to Cadiz and began attacking the anchored ships there. The threat posed by the pretenders Perkin Warbeck and Lambert Simnel. Mary was spared. A war would have to involve invasion because after 1558 England had no possessions in mainland Europe (Calais had been lost in 1558). In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. Both could be serious threats to Elizabeths England. This forced the Spanish fleet to travel into the dangerous waters off the Scottish and Irish coasts. In 1581, Protestant rebels in the Netherlands declared independence from Spain and established a Dutch republic. The powerful countries in Europe at that time - France and Spain - were Catholic and the plots against Elizabeth often . The plan was supported by various Catholic nobles, including the Earls of Northumberland and Westmorland as this would mean Elizabeth (a Protestant) could be succeeded by a Catholic queen. Boston Spa, Elizabeth's sister Mary I had lost this port back of Calais to the French in an unsuccessful war that England and Spain had fought against France Elizabeth wanted it back to demonstrate England's strength France and Spain were no longer at war and there was a real possibility they may unite against England. Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. Despite the failure of 1585, another attempt to colonise Virginia took place. The first question to ask yourself when revising for GCSE psychology is which exam board am I studying? Podcast: The Life and Significance of Alan Turing, Copyright The Historical Association 2023. Phillip II of Spain was reluctant to destroy his alliance with Elizabeth and therefore his support for the plots were heart-hearted. By the end of Elizabeths reign, the navy was also playing an important role in settling up an English colony in North America. Babington and other known plotters were hanged, drawn and quartered. As the war ended, Philip II of Spain wanted to stay on good . What Challenges Did Elizabeth I Face As Queen? - HistoryExtra You may use the following in your answer: France and Elizabeth's legitimacy (16 marks) 'Religion was the main cause of the . Foreign threat: Spain and France were the most powerful countries in Europe and were Catholic. England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. He saw Drake as a pirate and therefore deemed Elizabeths act as deliberately provocative. - The threat increased by the fact that Spain and France were catholic, but Elizabeth had chosen to move her country towards Protestantism. What Problems Did Elizabeth Face in 1558? - 844 Words | Studymode Mary Queen of Scots was married to . However, there were other challenges facing Elizabeth. VAT reg no 816865400. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. Elizabeth's Accession and Her Legitimacy (GCSE Example Answer - Tutor2u 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. One last thing to consider was the fact that Elizabeth was unmarried and childless. Elizabeth was born on 7th September 1533 to Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. Marys permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. The lack of money was problematic because it meant England was potentially vulnerable to attack (and Elizabeth had no means by which to defend the country militarily). If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. LS23 6AD The Spanish had planned to come alongside their opponents and attempt to board their ships to try to overcome the enemy through hand-to-hand fighting. The failure of the colonisation was due to: the resistance of the Native Americans; conflict amongst the English settlers (who collectively had the wrong mix of skills to make the settlement a real success); the loss of supplies via the damage incurred on The Tiger and the fact that the voyage set off too late for crops to be planted (causing dependence on the rightfully suspicious Native Americans). Elizabeth lived quietly at her . West Yorkshire, Explain why Mary, Queen of Scots, was a threat to the reign of Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. [This is a confident answer because it selects two reasons and links them together, showing a clear conceptual focus as well as wide-ranging knowledge]. As long as Mary was alive, the plots could always be deemed credible and many Catholics secretly wanted a return to Catholocism. Spains forces in the Netherlands mutinied (as they hadnt been paid by the now bankrupt Spanish government). Elizabeth I and Finances - History Learning Site Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. English ships were went on many voyages of discovery and established valuable trade routes with India and the far east. When are the GCSE exams for 2020?Which exam board are you studying? Describe two features of the threats posed to Elizabeth in 1558 3. -Threats from Catholics in the middle years were significant e.g. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. Elizabeth sent an army of 14,000 men to crush the revolt, which lasted around a month (November to December). Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! The English were worried about the threat of invasion and they attacked the Spanish ships as they sailed along the Channel, but the Armada was so strong that most of the ships reached Calais safely. The treaty also stated that Mary would give up her claim to the English throne, although this was not formally agreed by Mary. Born the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on 7 September 1533, Elizabeth's right to rule as queen of England never went unchallenged. and reversing the religious settlement. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. This caused panic among the Spanish sailors, who cut their anchor cables and broke their defensive formation as they headed for the open sea. Elizabeth increased her financial commitment to the cause of the Dutch rebels and hired mercenary soldiers to intervene in the conflict under the leadership of John Casimir. Instead, her goal was to ensure freedom of worship for Dutch Protestants and protect Englands Military, commercial and strategic interests listed above. Surviving colonists abandon Virginia and return to England. The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. More significantly, she was worried she would have to adopt a secondary role in the running of her country, as the period was very patriarchal. Company Reg no: 04489574. There were several factors that influenced Queen Elizabeths decision to sign the Treaty of Nonsuch including: Elizabeth believed in Divine Right and due to this, she didnt want to remove King Phillip as the ruler of Netherlands. The second concern of legitimacy again comes from the marriage of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. This was signed by the English nobility and gentry and required the signatories to execute anyone who attempted to overthrow the Queen. 1. This partly explained why harsher treatment of Catholics occurred soon after, led by the Council of the North. She was able to fight off illness, rebellions . Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. Catholic priests are first smuggled into England. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . Francis Drake is knighted on the Golden Hind. As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 1st point + explanation. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. 214 High Street, What he meant by this was he had inflicted significant temporary damage on the Spanish Armada and it would regrow in time. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. Mary, Queen of Scots had been linked to Catholic plots before, but Elizabeth had always been reluctant to take any action against her. Therefore, Elizabeths legitimacy was questioned because of the marriage between Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. The raid on Cadiz proved to be a major setback for King Phillips plans to invade England and delayed the Armada by more than a year. - death of henry II. The plot failed as it was discovered by Francis Walsingham, Elizabeths principal secretary and spymaster, who placed Throckmorton under surveillance for several months. Elizabeth offered support to the Protestant Henry IV of France but found him an difficult ally to get on with. Dedicated to. The Armadas journey back to Spain was a disaster. It was the only major threat to Henry's security as monarch. Letters sent to Mary were also intercepted which implicated her and the Duke of Norfolk in the plot. The defeat of the Northern Earls showed there was little appetite for a Catholic revolution. Spain did not control a deep water port where the Armada could anchor safely and this left them extremely vulnerable to an attack while it waited for Parmas troops to escape the Dutch blockade. The aim was to rid France of heresy (Protestantism). - send 2000 to rebels. The victory over the Spanish boosted Elizabeths popularity and strengthened the Protestant cause as it was a sign that God favoured Protestantism. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. As such, the Catholic community cited both religious and legal reasons why Elizabeth had no right to be Queen, which made her accession extremely problematic. This led to a rampage of Spanish soldiers and the sacking of Antwerp. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. PDF Mark Scheme (Stage 8 Sign Off) November 2020 Drake himself described the raid as Singeing the King of Spains beard. Approximately 30 ships were destroyed and tonnes of supplies were also seized including food and weapons. The war was going badly for England. These problems all led to supply issues for the Spanish Armada and had a major impact on the morale of the Spanish troops. 1589 | History of Parliament Online To study the ways in which Henry consolidated his rule. Why Queen Elizabeth I signed a death warrant to execute the - HISTORY Many people refused to recognize Elizabeth as a legitimate heir because her mother was Anne Boleyn, who was Henry VIIIs second wife. To her credit, when Elizabeth died in 1603, the nation was only in debt to the tune of 350,000 - 123,000 more than in 1558, but spread over the duration of her reign, this represented just under 3,000 a year. By the 1580s, the relationship between England and Spain was at its lowest point and the tension was at boiling point. The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. Boston House, They had enjoyed religious freedom under Queen Mary, Elizabeth's sister, and they were now being. After his successful raid on Cadiz, Drake sailed along the coast of Portugal and Spain, seizing Spanish ships and destroying supplies that were being sent to Lisbon for the Armada. Another serious contender was Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Duke of Anjou. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . The Ridolfi plot failed mostly due to Elizabeths allies passing the names of the main conspirators involved to her. He would often return with huge amounts of treasure for Queen Elizabeth. The accession of Elizabeth Tudor to the throne of England in November 1558 meant that Mary was, by virtue of her Tudor blood, next in line to the English throne. Catholics and Queen Elizabeth I - BBC Bitesize She's regarded as one of the greatest monarchs of England. The strength of this relationship was shown by the fact that French troops were stationed on the English and Scottish border. Elizabeth I: Facts About The 'Virgin Queen', Daughter Of Anne Boleyn "The Scarlet Ibis" would be a different story if it were told from Doodle's point of view. How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 3:Elizabethan society in the Age of Exploration, 155888. The Problems Facing Elizabeth in 1558 - Coggle Coronation: 15 January 1559, Westminster Abbey. Spain and France were also involved in these plots and so there was always the danger of a foriegn invasion. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. Student / Explain why France was such a threat to Elizabeth when she - Brainly The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. 1534 Duke of Angoulme (third son of Francis I)c1542 A Prince of Portugal1543 Son of the Earl of Arran 1544 Prince Philip (Philip II) 1547 Sir Thomas Seymour 1552 Prince of Denmark 1553 Courtenay, Earl of Devonshire 1554 Philibert Emanuel, Duke of Savoy 1554 Prince of Denmark 1556 Prince Eric of Sweden 1556 Don Carlos (son of Philip II)1559 Philip II 1559 Prince Eric of Sweden 1559 Son of John Frederic, Duke of Saxony 1559 Sir William Pickering 1559 Earl of Arran 1559 Henry Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel 1559 Robert Dudley 1560 King Eric of Sweden 1560 Adolphus, Duke of Holstein 1560 King Charles IX 1560 Henry, Duke of Anjou 1566 Robert Dudley 1568 Archduke Charles 1570 Henry Duke of Anjou 1572- 1584 Francis, Duke of Alencon, later Anjou. I think I'm about to officially choose the Uni im going to but I'm not 100% sur, HELP, Official Imperial College 2023 Undergraduate Applicants Thread, Official Cambridge Postgraduate Applicants 2023 Thread, Plucking Serene Dreams From Golden Trees. The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. There were a number of factors that contributed to the English victory and Spanish defeat which included English strengths, Spanish weaknesses, as well as luck itself. Challenges To Elizabeth At Home And Abroad - Learndojo.org Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Elizabeth had been in power for eight years by 1566 and it was at this time that the Catholic threat began to increase. gcse history 16 mark answer - The Student Room Italian bankers from Genoa had lent Philip II money to fund his campaign in the Netherlands (which was trying to put down the Dutch Revolt). Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. In 1485 - 1603 To What Extent Was The Government Of England - Phdessay Boston Spa, As such, I disagree with the statement. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? By this time radical Puritan sectaries were perceived to be . First English colony in Virginia established. How significant was the threat to Elizabeth I, posed by her Roman Catholic subjects in the years 1558-1588? Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. Study notes, videos, interactive activities and more! For example, from 1567, Elizabeth allowed the Dutch sea beggars to shelter in English harbours (from where they then attacked Spanish ships in the English Channel who were making their way with men and materiel to support Albas mission). Her sister, Mary, had made Roman Catholicism the official religion of the country, but many of the people were. See our A-Level Essay Example on To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?, British History: Monarchy & Politics now at Marked By Teachers. Before the rebel army was able to reach Tutbury, a large royal army forced them to retreat. Therefore, France controlled the whole of the northern coastline and posed a major threat to England. The Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia Mary was forced to flee following her unsuccessful attempt to win back her Scottish throne. 1559 - cateau cambresis, menacing position of french in scotland. Many colonists this time were poverty-stricken Londoners (it was felt they would be used to hard work and would therefore be happy to work for a new life in the New World). God blew and they were scattered - The National Archives If Elizabeth made England a Protestant country, he could become a dangerous enemy. This attack proved to be a major setback for Spanish preparation for the Armada. The negotiations dragged on for four years with Elizabeth never giving a firm answer and Charles refusing to give up his Catholic faith. The northern nobles felt Elizabeths advisors were responsible for many of these policy changes. Two influential Catholic families the Percys and the Nevilles plotted alongside the Duke of Norfolk to overthrow Elizabeth and replace her with the Catholic, Mary, Queen of Scots (who now resided in England). Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. Here is a summary timeline of key events for students taking Early Elizabethan England (1558-88). Importantly too, at different points these plots were orchestrated or sponsored by the Pope and Spain and were dependent on the support of English Catholics to work, demonstrating the increasing Catholic threat to Elizabeth, internationally and domestically. With the Popes blessing, foreign Catholic priests were smuggled into England with the sole purpose of continuing recusancy amongst the English Catholics and undermining the influence of Protestantism. This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. A significant amount of the Spanish troops lacked the experience of naval warfare, whereas the English fleet was manned by experienced sailors. There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. He then banned English trade with the Netherlands for a period of time which damaged Englands economy and caused much hardship for the English people. Not many Englishmen were granted licenses and therefore Elizabeth would encourage privateers, men who sailed their own ships, to trade illegally with the Spanish colonies. Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. . Queen Elizabeth has confiscated large portions of land from the Earl of Northumberland and given it his main rivals in the north and south who were both Protestant. Register for free, Home / This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. Medina Sidonia decided to retreat back to Spain and call off the attack on England. Here is an example answer to the following 16-mark question on the reasons for the increased Catholic threat to Elizabeth I after 1566. Instead, both men preferred to negotiate a settlement. Best Answer. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th point + evidence. Elizabeth delayed the opening of this Parliament that had originally been summoned in the autumn of 1588 in response to the defeat of the Spanish Armada for as long as she could afford to, knowing that the Commons would be eager to broach two topics, religious debates and foreign policy, that she usually reserved to her prerogative. Spains naval and military strength was much greater than Englands at the time, so Elizabeth was reluctant to do anything that could damage their already fragile relationship and lead to open war with Spain.. The rebellion involved a force of approximately 5500 men and, for approximately a month, the north of England (from Alnwick to Pontefract, east of the Pennines) was in the control of the northern earls. Reigned: queen of England and Ireland for 44 years, from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. Continue with Recommended Cookies. While a baby is born at various points throughout the show, Francis is not its father. (*fragmentary*). We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. Tensions in the Netherlands increased greatly between 1576 and 1584.
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