In addition, Nigeria continues to experience longstanding ethnic and religious tensions. The Council of Ministers: This consists of the President, Vice President and the ministers some of whom were military officers, while others were politicians. )hydroelectricity: 21.7% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )permanent crops: 7.4% (2018 est. Three arms of government in Nigeria and their functions The Federal Executive The Federal Legislature The Judiciary Executive power President Aguiyi-Ironsi (January 16, 1966 July 29, 1966), General Yakubu Gowon (August 2, 1966 July 29, 1975), General Murtala Mohammed (July 29, 1975 February 13, 1976), General Olusegun Obasanjo (February 14, 1976 September 30, 1979), Major-General Muhammadu Buhari (December 31, 1983 August 27, 1985), General Ibrahim Babangida (August 27, 1985 August 26, 1993), General Sani Abacha (November 16, 1993 June 8, 1998), General Abdulsalami Abubakar (June 9, 1998 May 29, 1999). )services: 56.4% (2017 est. The unicameral legislature is peculiar to each of the 36 states in Nigeria. It has thirty-six states, one federal territory, and . Most members of the SMC under Gowon were state governors. The Nigerian government structure is made up of its 3 levels, and 3 arms of government, and leadership structure. Nigeria is divided administratively into the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja) and 36 states, which are organized into the following six zones: South-West ZoneLagos, Ekiti, Ogun, Ondo, Oshun,. Quick Interesting Post: The History and Impacts of Military Rule in Nigeria. This coup was also masterminded by Muritala Muhammed and he thereafter assumed power. In October 2004, the Nigerian troops were deployed to Darfur, Sudan, to spearhead an African Union force, to stop the genocide in Darfur. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. 2 (1970): 227251. Likewise, Nigeria has been engaged in a long-running anti-piracy campaign in the Niger Delta, which has threatened the vital petroleum industry in the country, which is the source of 90% of Nigeria's exports and 35% of the government's revenue. This led to a counter coup six months later which resulted in the death of Aguiyi Ironsi and Adekunle Fajuyi who was hosting the Military Head at his residence in Ibadan. It was adopted in its original form May 29 1999 in Abuja at the dawn of the Nigerian fourth republic. The upper chamber, which is known as the Senate, consists of 109 members who are called senators. The chairman is known as the senate president and he is the third in line of succession to the presidential seat. [16][17][18][19], The origin of the Nigerian Armed Forces lies in the elements of the Royal West African Frontier Force, that became Nigerian, when independence was granted in 1960. In 1956, the Nigeria Regiment of the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF) was renamed the Nigerian Military Forces, RWAFF, and in April 1958, the colonial government of Nigeria took over from the British War Office control of the Nigerian Military Forces. ), 21.8% of GDP (2017 est. )other: 12.5% (2018 est. The National Assembly serve as check on the executive arm of the government. Each state has its local government areas into which it is divided into. So,what system of government is Nigeria practicing now? Coincidentally, many Igbo Majors were promoted soon after the coup which furthered confirmed these speculations. This tends to emanate from sub-state groups, often ethnic- or tribal-interest groups, which accuse the current larger state governments of subverting or ignoring the interests and necessities of the more local regions. Careers, GPA Calculator Structure [ edit] The Nigerian Army as of 2016 consisted of some 6,000 officers and 150,000 enlisted personnel. The cabinet members include 36 ministers, each chosen from the 36 states of Nigeria by the president. )exports: 27,509,177,000 cubic meters (2019 est. Lets the do the maths, we have 36 states in Nigeria, these states have 3 senatorial districts each and a senator is elected from each senatorial district, making 36 x 3 = 108 senatorial districts = 108 senators. In 1914, the British amalgamated their separately administered northern and southern territories into modern-day Nigeria. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Passnownow.com digitally democratizes access to education content for Nigerian Students and Teachers. Prior to this coup, many of the high ranking officials in the military felt that the first coup had been carried out to favour the Igbo people. There were several failed coups. The Nigerian government structure has been resilient; it has jumped back on its feet and modified itself from past experiences. The future of Nigerian politics lies in tolerating civilian governance. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. National Security Council; 4. Mismanagement and wastage of public funds. ), improved: urban: 81.6% of populationrural: 41.4% of populationtotal: 62.3% of populationunimproved: urban: 18.4% of populationrural: 58.6% of populationtotal: 37.7% of population (2020 est. And thats it. The state governments receive more than half their money from federal government and also collects taxes. )$1.032 trillion (2019 est. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. )0.5% of GDP (2019) (approximately $3.53 billion)0.5% of GDP (2018) (approximately $3.72 billion)0.5% of GDP (2017) (approximately $3.42 billion), information varies; approximately 135,000 active duty armed forces personnel (100,000 Army; 20,000 Navy/Coast Guard; 15,000 Air Force); approximately 80,000 Security and Civil Defense Corps (2022), the military's inventory consists of a wide variety of imported weapons systems of Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, Russian (including Soviet-era), and US origin; the military is undergoing a considerable modernization program, and in recent years has received equipment from some 20 countries with China, Russia, and the US as the leading suppliers; Nigeria is also developing a defense-industry capacity, including small arms, armored personnel vehicles, and small-scale naval production (2023), 18-26 years of age for men and women for voluntary military service; no conscription (2022), 200 Ghana (ECOMIG) (2022)note: Nigeria has committed an Army combat brigade (approximately 3,000 troops) to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), a regional counter-terrorism force comprised of troops from Benin, Cameroon, Chad, and Niger; MNJTF conducts operations against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations are conducted periodically, the Nigerian military is sub-Saharan Africas largest and regarded as one of its most capable forces; the Army and Air Force are focused largely on internal security and face a number of challenges that have stretched their resources; the Army is deployed in all 36 of the country's states; in the northeast, it is conducting counterinsurgency/counterterrorist operations against the Boko Haram (BH) and Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham in West Africa (ISIS-WA) terrorist groups, where it has deployed as many as 70,000 troops at times and jihadist-related violence has killed an estimated 35-40,000 people, mostly civilians, since 2009; in the northwest, it faces growing threats from criminal gangs, bandits, and violence associated with long-standing farmer-herder conflicts, as well as BH and ISIS-WA terrorists; bandits in the northwest are estimated to number in the low 10,000s and violence there has killed more than 10,000 people since the mid-2010s; the military also continues to protect the oil industry in the Niger Delta region against militants and criminal activity, although the levels of violence there have decreased in recent years; since 2021, additional troops and security forces have been deployed to eastern Nigeria to quell renewed agitation for a state of Biafra (Biafra seceded from Nigeria in the late 1960s, sparking a civil war that caused more than 1 million deaths), meanwhile, the Navy is focused on security in the Gulf of Guinea; since 2016, it has developed a maritime strategy, boosted naval training and its naval presence in the Gulf, increased participation in regional maritime security efforts, and acquired a considerable number of new naval platforms, including offshore and coastal patrol craft, fast attack boats, and air assets; its principal surface ships currently include a frigate and 4 corvettes or offshore patrol ships, the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea", Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham West Africa; Jamaatu Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis-Sudan (Ansaru)note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Nigeria-Cameroon: Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phaseout of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; demarcation of the Bakassi Peninsula and adjoining border areas should be finalized in 2022; as Lake Chads evaporation exposed dry land, only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries, Nigeria-Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea: the ICJ ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in implementation, refugees (country of origin): 87,220 (Cameroon) (2023)IDPs: 3.17 million (northeast Nigeria; Boko Haram attacks and counterinsurgency efforts in northern Nigeria; communal violence between Christians and Muslims in the middle belt region, political violence; flooding; forced evictions; cattle rustling; competition for resources) (2023), a significant source for cannabis cultivation and methamphetamine production; a major place for transnational drug trafficking networks that supply cocaine to Asia and Europe, heroin to Europe and North America, and methamphetamine to South Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand; traffickers also involved in the transportation, facilitation, and distribution of illicitly diverted tramadol, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). The government created two political parties, the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the National Republican Convention (NRC), and produced their agendas for them; freely formed parties were not registered, and many politicians were banned from politics. President Olusegun Obasanjo in August 2003, committed the Nigerian troops once again into Liberia, at the appeal of the United States, to provide an interim presence until the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) arrived. note: data are in current year dollars$39.937 billion (2020 est.) Disclaimer. Smaller army forces have been previously sent on UN and ECOWAS deployments in the former Yugoslavia, Guinea-Bissau, and Sierra Leone. This arose from the monumental annulment, by the Babangida military regime, of the June 12 1993, presidential election, adjudged by . The masses should be given political education so as to be able to fight for their right when it is being infringed upon. Local government must enjoy substantial autonomy to roads, airports, railways etc Nigeria also is a major source, transit, and destination country for forced labor and sex trafficking. Like the United States, Brazil, and India, Nigeria is structured as a federation, a structure it inherited from its British colonial rulers. )spirits: 0.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Nigeria also has pursued a policy of developing domestic training and military production capabilities. The Nigerian Police Force and troops have participated in: Nigerian officers have served as Chiefs of Defence in other countries, with Brigadier General Maxwell Khobe, serving as Sierra Leone Chief of Staff in 19981999,[44] and Nigerian officers acting as Command Officer-in-Charge of the Armed Forces of Liberia from at least, 2007. However, these plotters were eventually subdued. Some of these threats include the ongoing conflict against the jihadist rebel group, Boko Haram in northeastern Nigeria, which has been in effect since July 2009.
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